feat: add basic ROS rover scripts

basic/drive_to_aruco.py

@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Безопасно проехать на RMC по сетке до указанной ArUco-метки.
+
+Скрипт использует штатные ROS 2 топики и TF. По умолчанию рассчитан на
+физический робот; для Webots явно передайте --sim.
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import math
+import re
+import time
+from collections import deque
+
+import rclpy
+from geometry_msgs.msg import Twist
+from nav_msgs.msg import Odometry
+from rclpy.node import Node
+from rclpy.parameter import Parameter
+from rclpy.qos import (
+    DurabilityPolicy,
+    QoSProfile,
+    ReliabilityPolicy,
+    qos_profile_sensor_data,
+)
+from rclpy.time import Time
+from sensor_msgs.msg import LaserScan
+from std_msgs.msg import String
+from tf2_msgs.msg import TFMessage
+from tf2_ros import Buffer, TransformException, TransformListener
+
+
+def clamp(value, low, high):
+    return max(low, min(high, value))
+
+
+def wrap(angle):
+    return math.atan2(math.sin(angle), math.cos(angle))
+
+
+def yaw(quaternion):
+    return math.atan2(
+        2 * (quaternion.w * quaternion.z + quaternion.x * quaternion.y),
+        1 - 2 * (quaternion.y**2 + quaternion.z**2),
+    )
+
+
+def compose(a, b):
+    """Перенести позу b из системы a в родительскую систему a."""
+    cosine, sine = math.cos(a[2]), math.sin(a[2])
+    return (
+        a[0] + cosine * b[0] - sine * b[1],
+        a[1] + sine * b[0] + cosine * b[1],
+        wrap(a[2] + b[2]),
+    )
+
+
+def inverse(pose):
+    cosine, sine = math.cos(pose[2]), math.sin(pose[2])
+    return (
+        -cosine * pose[0] - sine * pose[1],
+        sine * pose[0] - cosine * pose[1],
+        -pose[2],
+    )
+
+
+def marker_pose(marker, columns, spacing):
+    """Штатная схема ЧВТ: 0=(0,0), 1=(0,+S), COLS=(-S,0)."""
+    row, column = divmod(marker, columns)
+    return -row * spacing, column * spacing, 0.0
+
+
+def build_route(start, target, rows, columns, blocked):
+    queue = deque([start])
+    previous = {start: None}
+
+    while queue:
+        current = queue.popleft()
+        if current == target:
+            break
+        row, column = divmod(current, columns)
+        for next_row, next_column in (
+            (row - 1, column),
+            (row + 1, column),
+            (row, column - 1),
+            (row, column + 1),
+        ):
+            candidate = next_row * columns + next_column
+            if not (0 <= next_row < rows and 0 <= next_column < columns):
+                continue
+            if candidate in blocked or candidate in previous:
+                continue
+            previous[candidate] = current
+            queue.append(candidate)
+
+    if target not in previous:
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Нет маршрута {start} -> {target}")
+    route = []
+    current = target
+    while current is not None:
+        route.append(current)
+        current = previous[current]
+    return list(reversed(route))
+
+
+class ArucoDrive(Node):
+    def __init__(self, args):
+        super().__init__("mvch_basic_aruco_drive")
+        self.args = args
+        self.robot = args.robot.strip("/")
+        if args.sim:
+            self.set_parameters([Parameter("use_sim_time", value=True)])
+
+        self.odom = None
+        self.pose = None
+        self.map_from_odom = None
+        self.marker = None
+        self.marker_error = math.inf
+        self.front = None
+        self.odom_wall = 0.0
+        self.marker_wall = 0.0
+        self.scan_wall = 0.0
+
+        self.odom_frame = f"{self.robot}/odom"
+        self.tf_buffer = Buffer()
+        self.tf_listener = TransformListener(self.tf_buffer, self)
+        if not args.sim:
+            tf_qos = QoSProfile(
+                depth=100,
+                reliability=ReliabilityPolicy.BEST_EFFORT,
+                durability=DurabilityPolicy.VOLATILE,
+            )
+            static_tf_qos = QoSProfile(
+                depth=100,
+                reliability=ReliabilityPolicy.RELIABLE,
+                durability=DurabilityPolicy.TRANSIENT_LOCAL,
+            )
+            self.create_subscription(
+                TFMessage, f"/{self.robot}/tf", self.on_tf, tf_qos
+            )
+            self.create_subscription(
+                TFMessage,
+                f"/{self.robot}/tf_static",
+                self.on_tf_static,
+                static_tf_qos,
+            )
+        self.publisher = self.create_publisher(
+            Twist, f"/{self.robot}/cmd_vel", 10
+        )
+        self.create_subscription(
+            Odometry,
+            f"/{self.robot}/odometry",
+            self.on_odometry,
+            qos_profile_sensor_data,
+        )
+        self.create_subscription(
+            LaserScan,
+            args.scan_topic or f"/{self.robot}/scan_front",
+            self.on_scan,
+            qos_profile_sensor_data,
+        )
+        self.aruco_topic = (
+            f"/{self.robot}/aruco_id"
+            if args.sim
+            else f"/{self.robot}/camera_bottom/aruco_id"
+        )
+        self.create_subscription(String, self.aruco_topic, self.on_marker, 10)
+
+    def on_tf(self, message):
+        for transform in message.transforms:
+            self.tf_buffer.set_transform(transform, f"{self.robot} namespaced tf")
+
+    def on_tf_static(self, message):
+        for transform in message.transforms:
+            self.tf_buffer.set_transform_static(
+                transform, f"{self.robot} namespaced tf_static"
+            )
+
+    def on_odometry(self, message):
+        frame = message.header.frame_id.strip("/")
+        if frame:
+            self.odom_frame = frame
+        pose = message.pose.pose
+        values = (pose.position.x, pose.position.y, yaw(pose.orientation))
+        if all(math.isfinite(value) for value in values):
+            self.odom = values
+            self.odom_wall = time.monotonic()
+
+    def on_marker(self, message):
+        match = re.fullmatch(r"(?:aruco_)?(\d+)", message.data.strip())
+        if match:
+            marker = int(match.group(1))
+            if 0 <= marker < self.args.rows * self.args.columns:
+                self.marker = marker
+                self.marker_wall = time.monotonic()
+
+    def on_scan(self, message):
+        if not message.ranges or message.angle_increment == 0:
+            return
+        distances = []
+        for index, distance in enumerate(message.ranges):
+            angle = message.angle_min + index * message.angle_increment
+            if abs(angle) > math.radians(25):
+                continue
+            if math.isfinite(distance) and message.range_min <= distance <= message.range_max:
+                distances.append(distance)
+        # Пустое пространство lidar часто кодирует как inf. Это свежий скан,
+        # просто без препятствий в выбранном секторе.
+        self.front = min(distances, default=math.inf)
+        self.scan_wall = time.monotonic()
+
+    def localize(self):
+        """Привязать odometry к сетке по последней видимой метке."""
+        if self.odom is None or self.marker is None:
+            return
+        try:
+            transform = self.tf_buffer.lookup_transform(
+                self.odom_frame, f"aruco_{self.marker}", Time()
+            ).transform
+        except TransformException:
+            return
+
+        odom_marker = (
+            transform.translation.x,
+            transform.translation.y,
+            yaw(transform.rotation),
+        )
+        correction = compose(
+            marker_pose(self.marker, self.args.columns, self.args.spacing),
+            inverse(odom_marker),
+        )
+        new_pose = compose(correction, self.odom)
+        if self.pose is not None:
+            jump = math.hypot(new_pose[0] - self.pose[0], new_pose[1] - self.pose[1])
+            if jump > 0.35:
+                return
+        self.map_from_odom = correction
+        self.pose = new_pose
+        self.marker_error = math.hypot(
+            odom_marker[0] - self.odom[0], odom_marker[1] - self.odom[1]
+        )
+
+    def update(self):
+        rclpy.spin_once(self, timeout_sec=0.05)
+        self.localize()
+        if self.map_from_odom is not None and self.odom is not None:
+            self.pose = compose(self.map_from_odom, self.odom)
+
+    def stop(self):
+        self.publisher.publish(Twist())
+
+    def wait_until_ready(self):
+        print("Жду odometry, scan_front, aruco_id и TF метки...")
+        deadline = time.monotonic() + self.args.ready_timeout
+        while rclpy.ok() and time.monotonic() < deadline:
+            self.update()
+            self.stop()
+            now = time.monotonic()
+            if (
+                self.pose is not None
+                and self.front is not None
+                and now - self.odom_wall < 1.0
+                and now - self.scan_wall < 1.0
+                and now - self.marker_wall < 1.0
+            ):
+                return
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "Датчики не готовы. Проверьте ros2 topic list, aruco_id и TF aruco_<ID>."
+        )
+
+    def check_safety(self):
+        now = time.monotonic()
+        if now - self.odom_wall > 1.0:
+            raise RuntimeError("Потеря odometry")
+        if now - self.scan_wall > 1.0:
+            raise RuntimeError("Потеря scan_front")
+        if self.front < self.args.stop_distance:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Препятствие спереди: {self.front:.2f} м "
+                f"(< {self.args.stop_distance:.2f} м)"
+            )
+
+    def drive_to(self, target):
+        target_pose = marker_pose(target, self.args.columns, self.args.spacing)
+        deadline = time.monotonic() + self.args.waypoint_timeout
+
+        while rclpy.ok() and time.monotonic() < deadline:
+            self.update()
+            self.check_safety()
+            dx = target_pose[0] - self.pose[0]
+            dy = target_pose[1] - self.pose[1]
+            distance = math.hypot(dx, dy)
+            marker_is_fresh = (
+                self.marker == target
+                and time.monotonic() - self.marker_wall < 1.0
+                and self.marker_error <= self.args.tolerance
+            )
+            if distance <= self.args.tolerance and marker_is_fresh:
+                self.stop()
+                print(f"Метка {target} достигнута, ошибка {self.marker_error:.3f} м")
+                return
+
+            angle_error = wrap(math.atan2(dy, dx) - self.pose[2])
+            command = Twist()
+            if abs(angle_error) > 0.15:
+                command.angular.z = clamp(
+                    1.4 * angle_error,
+                    -self.args.max_angular,
+                    self.args.max_angular,
+                )
+            else:
+                command.linear.x = min(self.args.max_speed, 0.5 * distance)
+                command.angular.z = clamp(
+                    1.2 * angle_error,
+                    -self.args.max_angular,
+                    self.args.max_angular,
+                )
+            self.publisher.publish(command)
+
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Таймаут движения к метке {target}")
+
+
+def arguments():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
+    parser.add_argument("target", nargs="?", type=int, help="ID целевой ArUco")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--target",
+        dest="target_option",
+        type=int,
+        help="ID целевой ArUco (альтернатива позиционному аргументу)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--robot", choices=("RMC1", "RMC2"), default="RMC2")
+    parser.add_argument("--rows", type=int)
+    parser.add_argument("--columns", type=int)
+    parser.add_argument("--spacing", type=float, default=1.0, help="Шаг сетки, м")
+    parser.add_argument("--blocked", type=int, nargs="*", default=[])
+    parser.add_argument("--max-speed", type=float, default=0.12, help="м/с")
+    parser.add_argument("--max-angular", type=float, default=0.30, help="рад/с")
+    parser.add_argument("--stop-distance", type=float, default=0.55, help="м")
+    parser.add_argument("--tolerance", type=float, default=0.06, help="м")
+    parser.add_argument("--ready-timeout", type=float, default=15.0, help="с")
+    parser.add_argument("--waypoint-timeout", type=float, default=45.0, help="с")
+    parser.add_argument("--scan-topic", help="Например /RMC2/scan_front")
+    parser.add_argument("--yes", action="store_true", help="Не ждать Enter")
+    parser.add_argument("--sim", action="store_true", help="Использовать /clock Webots")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    if args.target is not None and args.target_option is not None:
+        parser.error("укажите target один раз: позиционно или через --target")
+    if args.target is None:
+        args.target = args.target_option
+    if args.target is None:
+        parser.error("укажите ID цели: TARGET или --target TARGET")
+    if args.rows is None:
+        args.rows = 6 if args.sim else 5
+    if args.columns is None:
+        args.columns = 6 if args.sim else 5
+    if not args.sim and args.robot != "RMC2":
+        parser.error(
+            "Документация физического RMC1 не содержит нижнюю ArUco-камеру; "
+            "drive_to_aruco поддерживает реальный RMC2"
+        )
+    count = args.rows * args.columns
+    if args.rows <= 0 or args.columns <= 0 or not 0 <= args.target < count:
+        parser.error(f"target должен быть в диапазоне 0..{count - 1}")
+    if args.spacing <= 0 or args.max_speed <= 0 or args.max_angular <= 0:
+        parser.error("spacing и скорости должны быть больше нуля")
+    return args
+
+
+def main():
+    args = arguments()
+    rclpy.init()
+    node = ArucoDrive(args)
+    exit_code = 0
+    try:
+        node.wait_until_ready()
+        start = node.marker
+        blocked = set(args.blocked) - {start, args.target}
+        route = build_route(
+            start, args.target, args.rows, args.columns, blocked
+        )
+        print(f"Стартовая метка: {start}")
+        print("Маршрут:", " -> ".join(map(str, route)))
+        print(
+            f"Топики: /{node.robot}/cmd_vel, /{node.robot}/odometry, "
+            f"{node.aruco_topic}, {args.scan_topic or f'/{node.robot}/scan_front'}"
+        )
+        if not args.yes:
+            input("Проверьте поле и держите аппаратный STOP. Enter — начать: ")
+            # Во время input ROS не обрабатывал сообщения: перед движением снова
+            # получить свежие odometry/lidar/ArUco.
+            node.wait_until_ready()
+        for marker in route[1:]:
+            node.drive_to(marker)
+        node.stop()
+        print(f"FINISHED: ровер стоит над ArUco {args.target}")
+    except (KeyboardInterrupt, RuntimeError) as error:
+        exit_code = 1
+        print(f"STOP: {error}")
+    finally:
+        for _ in range(10):
+            node.stop()
+            rclpy.spin_once(node, timeout_sec=0.02)
+        node.destroy_node()
+        rclpy.shutdown()
+    raise SystemExit(exit_code)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()